Scammers touting bogus job opportunities are one industry that continues to thrive

ST. LOUIS — Joe Epstein's heart did a little flip-flop when he opened an e-mail from a staffing firm that promised a portal to a new job.

"When you're in this situation, it really picks you up," said Epstein, 58.

He's been job hunting since being laid off as an information-technology sales rep in January 2008.

As Epstein learned in the resulting telephone conversation, an ailing economy can bring out the worst in people: Companies that prey on the unemployed in their struggle to find work.

Epstein said a "very nice, very positive" woman representing the staffing firm plucked his résumé from a job-search engine and promised that her company could brush up his résumé, provide interview tips and give him access to exclusive job listings.

The price: $4,000.

Epstein turned it down, as well as follow-up pitches from the firm.

"Once you give them your credit card, you're up a creek," said the Brentwood, Mo., resident.

Consumer-protection advocates say his reasoning is dead-on. In 2007, the U.S. Bureau of Consumer Protection received almost 6,000 complaints about headhunters and employment and placement agencies. And that was two years before the economy threw an estimated 3.6 million Americans out of work.

"There's always people out there willing to take advantage of people's misery," said Chris Thetford, director of communications for the Better Business Bureau of Eastern Missouri and Southern Illinois. "I've never met anyone who had to pay to get a legitimate job."

Nationally, authorities are finding examples of job scammers and taking action.

For example, the Federal Trade Commission filed a court complaint in November against a Georgia firm that was charging $120 to $140 for materials it claimed would help applicants pass a U.S. Postal Service qualifying exam.

In early 2008, the Ohio attorney general fined a personnel service for enticing clients to pay $389 for a connection to nonexistent jobs.

Jeannette Hoss, of East Carondelet, Ill., has been on the receiving end of similar pitches since starting her job hunt in December.

She estimates she has e-mailed her résumé in response to Craigslist.com ads nearly 100 times trying to land a position in health insurance, human resources or other fields.

Of those inquiries, Hoss, 30, estimates fully a third have triggered automatic responses that amount to little more than spam.

Other respondents have sent job applications embedded with requests for money or other personal information.

One company offered to set Hoss up with her own résumé-writing service.

Another provided suggestions on how to establish a phony e-mail address.

Given the economic climate, consumer advocates say, the allegations of bogus or exploitative employment opportunities starting to trickle in have the potential to turn into a torrent.

"We definitely expect to see more people falling for job-hunting scams with the economy being what it is," said Travis Ford, a spokesman for the Missouri attorney general's office.

In 2007, 5,925 Americans contacted the U.S. Bureau of Consumer Protection, a division of the Federal Trade Commission, with complaints about employment agencies and job counseling.

As Epstein learned, the schemes often involve a firm requesting a fee in exchange for career advice along with access to employment opportunities inaccessible to the general public.

The request for upfront money, experts say, is the first red flag.

In almost every instance, consumer advocates contend, the "exclusive" job listings that illegitimate staffing firms share with clients are available to anyone with access to the Internet.

Moreover, they say, employment-seekers are often presented with lists of jobs for which they are unqualified or in faraway locales that would require them to relocate.

"What they're trying to do is put a round peg in a square hole and charge you to do it," said Epstein.

Requests for personal information should also send up red flags for the unemployed, experts say.

When Hoss responded to a posting for a receptionist's position, she received an online application in return.

In it, the "staffing director" encouraged her to "pay close attention to the 'background section.' "

"I do need this completed 100 percent, including credit scores," he wrote.

Another "application" asked Hoss to furnish her Social Security number.

Like Epstein, she wisely passed.

FTC spokesman Mitchell Katz says job applicants who blindly provide credit information and Social Security numbers run the risk of adding identity theft to their employment woes.

"It may be a fishing expedition," he advised. "It could be an attempt to commit credit fraud."

Once a serial online applicant, Hoss has become far more discriminating.

She no longer applies to positions that ask her to respond to generic e-mail addresses established by unidentifiable parties on free e-mail services such as Hotmail.

"If they don't mention a company's name, I won't respond to it," she said.